Autophagy is involved in T cell death after binding of HIV-1 envelope proteins to CXCR4
J. Clin. Invest. Lucile Espert, et al. 116:2161 doi:10.1172/JCI26185 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
Autophagy is triggered by Env binding to CXCR4. (A) A2.01/CD4.403 and HEK/CD4.403/CXCR4 cells were cocultured for 3 days with cells that do or do not express Env and analyzed by TEM as indicated in Figure 2. Scale bar: 1 μm; 250 nm (indicated enlargements). (B) Target HEK/CD4.403/CXCR4 and HEK/CD4.403 cells were transfected with GFP or GFP-LC3 using the FuGENE 6 Transfection Reagent and cocultured for 3 days with effector cells with or without Env expression or treated with 1 μM Rapa. Adherent cells were then examined by epifluorescence. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments and more than 100 cells were counted by 2 investigators. Magnification shown. (C) Immunoblot analysis of Beclin 1 in A2.01/CD4.403, HEK/CD4.403/CXCR4, and HEK/CD4.403 cells cocultured with cells with or without Env expression. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.