Tlx acts as a proangiogenic switch
by regulating extracellular assembly
of fibronectin matrices in retinal astrocytes
J. Clin. Invest. Akiyoshi Uemura, et al. 116:369 doi:10.1172/JCI25964 [
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Figure 5Morphogenetic defects in network formation and abortive proangiogenic activities in retinal astrocytes of
Tlx KO mice. (
A) Immunostaining for PDGFRα in
Tlx mutant mice. In
Tlx–/– mice, astrocyte networks are poorly extended and morphogenetically disorganized, with fewer branchings. (
B) Double labeling for BrdU (red) and PDGFRα (green) of migrating astrocytes in P5 retina. (
C and
D) Double immunostaining for GFAP (red) and PECAM-1 (green) in P5 retina. GFAP is strongly expressed in all retinal astrocytes of
Tlx–/– mice despite the complete absence of blood vessels (
C). In
Tlx–/– mice, blood vessels never sprout from the stem of hyaloid vessels at optic nerve head (arrowheads in
D). Nuclear staining by TO-PRO-3 iodide appears in blue. Magnification, ×70 (
A), ×400 (
B), ×100 (
C), ×280 (
D).
