Controlled delivery of PDGF-BB for myocardial protection using injectable self-assembling peptide nanofibers
J. Clin. Invest. Patrick C.H. Hsieh, et al. 116:237 doi:10.1172/JCI25878 [Go to this article.]

Figure 9
Injection of NF/PDGF-BB does not increase myocardial angiogenesis/arteriogenesis, local blood flow, or inflammatory reaction after infarction. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of endothelial cells (isolectin, green) and VSMCs (α-SMA, red), counterstained with α-sarcomeric actinin and DAPI (blue) was used to evaluate capillaries and arteries, respectively, after 14 and 28 (data not shown) days of MI with or without injection of NF/PDGF-BB. Immunohistochemistry for macrophages (anti-mac3) and neutrophils (anti-neutrophil) was also performed to examine inflammatory reaction after 14 and 28 (data not shown) days of MI. Scale bars: 10 μm in endothelial cell stains, 20 μm in VSMC stains, and 5 μm in macrophage and neutrophil stains. Vascular and inflammatory cell densities were determined using fluorescence and light microscopy, and the results are shown in B (n ≥ 6 in each group; in total, ~200 capillaries, ~50 arteries, ~300 macrophages, and ~300 neutrophil cells counted in each animal). (C) A separate blinded and randomized study with 6 rats in each group was performed to measure local myocardial blood flow after 14 days of MI using fluorescent microspheres. No impact of PDGF-BB delivery on local blood flow was detected.