Brain glucagon-like peptide–1 increases insulin secretion and muscle insulin resistance to favor hepatic glycogen storage
J. Clin. Invest. Claude Knauf, et al. 115:3554 doi:10.1172/JCI25764 [
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Figure 1Central control by GLP-1 of whole-body GIR. GIR (mg/kg/min) was calculated in steady-state euglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions (5.5 mM;
A) and in hyperglycemic conditions (10 mM,
B; and 20 mM,
C) in C57BL/6 control mice with ACF, Ex4, or GLP-1 antagonist Ex9 infused into their brains and in
GLP-1 receptor KO mice (KO). Values are shown above each bar; error bars indicate ± SEM. (
D) Dose response to glucose in all sets of mice plotted against GIRs in order to calculate the
r2 of each curve. The mean of 6–11 mice per group is shown. *
P < 0.05 versus icv ACF-infused mice.
