Genetic causes of human heart failure
J. Clin. Invest. Hiroyuki Morita, et al. 115:518 doi:10.1172/JCI24351 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Human mutations affecting contractile and Z-disc proteins. The schematic depicts one sarcomere, the fundamental unit of contraction encompassing the protein segment between flanking Z discs. Sarcomere thin filament proteins are composed of actin and troponins C, T, and I. Sarcomere thick filament proteins include myosin heavy chain, myosin essential and regulatory light chains, myosin-binding protein-C and titin. The sarcomere is anchored through titin and actin interactions with Z disc proteins α-actinin, calsarcin-1, MLP, telethonin (T-cap), and ZASP. Human mutations (orange text) in contractile proteins and Z-disc proteins can cause HCM or DCM.