Ca_V2.3 channel and PKCλ: new players in insulin secretion
J. Clin. Invest. Shao-Nian Yang, et al. 115:16 doi:10.1172/JCI23970 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Ten isoforms of PKC with closely related kinase domains are classified into 3 subgroups: conventional PKC isoforms (PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCγ), novel PKC isoforms (PKCδ, PKCε, PKCη, and PKCθ), and atypical PKC isoforms (PKCζ and PKCι/λ). Multiple conventional PKC and novel PKC isoforms (c/n PKC) are involved in the regulation of insulin secretion through different targets. PKCλ in the β cell is now shown to participate in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by modulating the expression of HNF3β, hexokinase 1, hexokinase 2, glucose transporter 2, Kir6.2, and Sur1 subunit genes critical for β cell function. G, GTP-binding protein; GR, GTP-binding protein–coupled receptors; P, phosphoryl group; PB1, Phox and Bem 1; PDK-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent kinase–1; PIP₂, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP₃, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C; TKR, tyrosine kinase receptor.