Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9
J. Clin. Invest. Yasemin Gursoy-Ozdemir, et al. 113:1447 doi:10.1172/JCI21227 [
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Figure 4CSD increased in situ gelatinolytic activity in cortex ipsilateral to CSD. (
A_
E) Activity appeared as green fluorescent product and developed after incubation of coronal sections (10 ∝m in thickness) with the fluorogenic substrate DQ gelatin. Increased gelatinolytic activity was detected at 3 hours (
A) and 24 hours (
B). The image in
C represents a higher magnification of the boxed area in
A (scale bar: 100 ∝m).
C shows gelatinolytic activity in penetrating blood vessels (single arrow) and in pia arachnoid (opposing arrows). (
D and
E) Activity is visualized in a blood vessel (arrow) cut in cross-section (
D) and in a vessel (arrow) showing corrugations (
E). Scale bars: 20 ∝m. Gelatinolytic activity was inhibited by preincubation with 1,10-phenanthroline (a nonselective zinc chelator) (data not shown). (
F) In situ gelatinolytic activity was observed around blood vessels as early as 30 minutes to 1 hour after a single CSD, and the number of labeled vessels was significantly higher on the CSD side than on the non-CSD side or in sham-treated animals (*
P < 0.05 compared with non-CSD side or sham cortices for right and left hemispheres).
