Direct evidence for a β₁-adrenergic receptor–directed autoimmune attack as a cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
J. Clin. Invest. Roland Jahns, et al. 113:1419 doi:10.1172/JCI20149 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
In vivo short-term effects of rat anti–β₁-EC_II. (A) Single representative tracing and (B) panels depicting the time course of systolic LV pressure, heart rate, and dp/dt_max from naive Lewis/CrlBR rats after i.v. application of pooled sera from NaCl/GST-injected (control) or β₁-EC_II–injected rats (50 ∝l each). Arrows in A indicate time points of i.v. serum application. Error bars in B indicate mean plus or minus SEM of the indicated parameters normalized to the baseline (100%) at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 minutes after serum application. *P < 0.05 (ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test). bpm; beats per minute.