Distinct roles of Smad pathways and p38 pathways in cartilage-specific gene expression in synovial fibroblasts
J. Clin. Invest. Hiroaki Seto, et al. 113:718 doi:10.1172/JCI19899 [Go to this article.]

Figure 4
ALK3^CA-transduced SFs form cartilage matrix in vivo. (A–D) Three weeks after transplantation into nude mice, pellets were recovered and stained with toluidine blue (A and C) and immunostained with anti–type II collagen (B and D). Type II collagen immunohistochemistry was shown in the enlarged features of the rectangular area in the toluidine blue staining. Distinct positive staining was observed in ALK3^CA-expressing cultures (B and D) in contrast to LacZ virus–infected cultures (A and C). Scale bars: 100 μm. (E and F) Real-time PCR analysis of type II collagen and aggrecan. Their expression was significantly higher in ALK3^CA-expressing pellets than in LacZ-expressing pellets. *P < 0.001 (significantly different).