Human intestinal macrophages display profound inflammatory anergy despite avid phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity
J. Clin. Invest. Lesley E. Smythies, et al. 115:66 doi:10.1172/JCI19229 [Go to this article.]

Figure 6
Phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity of blood monocytes and intestinal macrophages. (A) Blood monocyte and intestinal macrophage phagocytosis in the absence or presence of S-CM. Phagocytosis was measured as the percentage of cells that contained FITC-labeled beads after 1-hour incubation. Values are mean + SD (n = 3). (B) Phagocytosis-induced cytokine production by blood monocytes and intestinal macrophages. Blood monocytes and intestinal macrophages were incubated with latex beads for 2 hours, washed, cultured for 24 hours, and the supernatants assayed for IL-1 (black bars), IL-6 (dark gray bars), TNF-α (light gray bars), and IL-8 (white bars). Values are mean + SD (n = 4). Inset: S-CM downregulation of phagocytosis-induced cytokine release by monocytes. Blood monocytes were incubated with latex beads in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of S-CM, washed, and cultured for 24 hours in the same concentrations of S-CM. Culture supernatants were harvested and assayed for IL-1 and TNF-α. Values are mean + SD (n = 3). (C and D) Killing of Gram-negative bacteria by blood monocytes and intestinal macrophages. Intestinal macrophages, blood monocytes, and blood monocytes plus S-CM 500 μg/ml (2 × 10⁵ cells/250 μl) were incubated with (C) S. typhimurium (8 × 10⁶ CFU/ml) or (D) E. coli (4 × 10⁶ CFU/ml), and intracellular killing was determined as described in Methods. The 3 populations of cells killed the vast majority of the bacteria within 30–60 minutes.