VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia
J. Clin. Invest. Yunjuan Sun, et al. 111:1843 doi:10.1172/JCI17977 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Effects of intraventricular VEGF treatment on infarct size and cell damage after MCAO. Rats underwent MCAO and were treated with intraventricular aCSF (MCAO) or VEGF (MCAO + VEGF), and infarct size was measured on cresyl violet–stained brain sections (a). In the cerebral cortical region salvaged by VEGF (i.e., that region stained intensely with cresyl violet in VEGF- but not aCSF-treated rats; indicated by arrow in top right), higher magnification showed that VEGF increased the number of cells with normal neuronal morphology and decreased the number of shrunken and misshapen cells in cresyl violet–stained sections (CV) (b), reduced DNA-strand breaks labeled by the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (Klenow) (c), and decreased caspase-3 cleavage detected by staining with an Ab against its 17- to 20-kDa cleavage product (Caspase-3) (d). Data shown are representative of findings from at least four animals per experiment.