Heterologous immunity provides a potent barrier to transplantation tolerance
J. Clin. Invest. Andrew B. Adams, et al. 111:1887 doi:10.1172/JCI17477 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
Virally induced, alloreactive memory cells prevent tolerance induction. Naive, monoimmune (LCMV or VV), or polyimmune mice (LCMV→VV or LCMV→VV→VSV) received the mixed chimerism, costimulation blockade–based tolerance protocol. (a and b) Skin graft survival and donor chimerism levels after tolerance induction. Naive mice universally accept donor-type skin allografts (left panel, filled squares) and become high-level mixed chimeras (10 of 10, right panel). The majority of mice immune to a single pathogen become tolerant, although not as consistently as naive mice (9 of 12, open triangles). Mice immune to multiple pathogens are refractory to tolerance induction (3 of 12; MST, 24; P = 0.002 when compared with naive mice; filled diamonds). Inf, infection(s).