Immunization with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor induces neurological autoimmune disease
J. Clin. Invest. Vanda A. Lennon, et al. 111:907 doi:10.1172/JCI17429 [
Go to this article.]
Figure 2Dysautonomia of gut and bladder in seropositive rabbits. (
a) Dilated loops of bowel (intestinal pseudo-obstruction) and enlarged bladder (megacystis, indicated by an asterisk) in a rabbit with severe EAAN. (
b–
e) Radiological images of barium in transit through the gut of two rabbits (orientation, head at top). Images in
b,
d, and
e are from a rabbit with EAAN on days 74–77 after α3-GST immunization. The image in
c is from a control rabbit on day 74 after adjuvant only. (
b) Barium (black) initially leaving enlarged stomach enters abnormally dilated proximal duodenum approximately 20 minutes after 40 ml gavage. Distended gas-filled loops of surrounding small intestine appear white. (
c) At 6 hours, barium is distributed throughout the bowel of the control rabbit. (
d and
e) In the EAAN rabbit, most barium remains in the stomach at 6 hours (
d) and at 72 hours (
e). All controls evacuated barium by day 3.
