Kinase-mediated regulation of common transcription factors accounts for the bone-protective effects of sex steroids
J. Clin. Invest. Stavroula Kousteni, et al. 111:1651 doi:10.1172/JCI17261 [Go to this article.]

Figure 6
Transcription-independent events downstream of kinases are also required for the antiapoptotic effects of sex steroids. Calvaria-derived murine osteoblastic cells were pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (30 nM) for 1 hour, at which point E₂ was added to the culture. One hour later, etoposide was added, and the cultures were continued for an additional 6 hours (a). (b and c) HeLa cells were transiently transfected with the ERα and nuclear GFP. The cells were also cotransfected with WT or dn mutants of Rsk2 or AKT (b) or a nonphosphorylatable dn mutant of Bad (c). Cells were then treated as in a (c). Bars indicate means ± SD of triplicate determinations; *P < 0.05 versus vehicle by ANOVA.