Increased plasma phenylacetic acid in patients with end-stage renal failure inhibits iNOS expression
J. Clin. Invest. J. Jankowski, et al. 112:256 doi:10.1172/JCI15524 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
Expression of iNOS measured by real-time PCR, protein blotting of iNOS, or nitrite formation in RAW 264.7 cells. (a) The iNOS expression was measured by real-time PCR after stimulation by LPS (1 μg/ml) (control) and in the presence of various concentrations of PAA (0.1 mmol/l, 0.5 mmol/l, 1.0 mmol/l, and 5.0 mmol/l). Basal, unstimulated iNOS expression was set to 100% (n = 6). *P < 0.05 compared with control. (b) Representative protein blotting of iNOS and β-actin after 12 hours of stimulation (+) or without stimulation (–) of RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (1 μg/ml) and in the presence of PAA (0.1 mmol/l, 0.5 mmol/l, 1.0 mmol/l, and 5.0 mmol/l). The iNOS protein was detected as a band with a molecular mass of approximately 125 kDa. (c) Signals of iNOS were quantified and normalized to those of β-actin using a bioimaging analyzer. Data represent means of triplicate determinations from each of three protein preparations (n = 3). *P < 0.05 compared with control. (d) Effect of various concentrations of PAA (0.1 mmol/l, 0.5 mmol/l, 1.0 mmol/l, and 5.0 mmol/l) on LPS-induced nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells. Data are means ± SEM (n = 6). *P < 0.05 compared with control (+).