Increased plasma phenylacetic acid in patients with end-stage renal failure inhibits iNOS expression
J. Clin. Invest. J. Jankowski, et al. 112:256 doi:10.1172/JCI15524 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Plasma from patients with end-stage renal failure and healthy control subjects show effects of PAA and some of its derivatives on iNOS mRNA expression measured by real-time PCR without (basal; set to 100%) and after stimulation by LPS (1 μg/ml) and IFN-γ (100 U/ml) (control) in mononuclear leukocytes. (a) Expression of iNOS in the presence of various amounts of plasma diluted in PBS from patients with CRF on regular hemodialysis (end-stage renal failure) in the presence of plasmas from healthy persons (healthy). The plasma was diluted with physiologic salt solution 1/10, 1/2, and 1/1, respectively. Basal unstimulated iNOS expression was set to 100%; each n = 6. (b) Expression iNOS in the presence of various concentrations of PAA (0.05 mmol/l, 0.1 mmol/l, 0.5 mmol/l, 1.0 mmol/l, and 2.0 mmol/l). Control value as in a. Basal unstimulated iNOS expression was set to 100%. (c) Expression of iNOS in the presence of homogentisic acid (HGA; 1.0 mmol/l), phenylethyl amine (PEA; 1.0 mmol/l), or phenylalanine (PhA; 1.0 mmol/l) (n = 6). *P < 0.05 compared with control.